The ongoing conflict in Gaza has left the international community deeply divided, with calls for a ceasefire and differing terminology highlighting the complexities of the situation. Since Hamas attacked southern Israel on October 7, the region has witnessed death, destruction, and an escalating cycle of violence. Hamas fighters killed approximately 1,200 people and took 240 captive during their attack, prompting a fierce response from Israel. Israeli bombardments and ground assaults, both in Gaza and the occupied West Bank, have resulted in over 16,000 deaths, including at least 7,000 children. Moreover, Israeli soldiers and settlers have targeted Palestinians in the West Bank, causing the deaths of more than 200 individuals and forcing entire villages to flee. Throughout this conflict, hospitals, schools, refugee camps, and even United Nations facilities have also come under attack by Israel.
The war has not only led to a humanitarian crisis but has also deepened diplomatic clashes among nations. The United Nations, in particular, has witnessed contrasting stances on the use of terminology to describe the ending of violence and hostilities. While many countries advocate for a “ceasefire,” Israel’s allies prefer the term “humanitarian pause.” The UN defines a ceasefire as a complete cessation of violence against the civilian population, whereas a humanitarian pause is a temporary halt to hostilities for purely humanitarian purposes. Analysis of speeches from world leaders at the UN revealed that 55% of countries called for a “ceasefire” in Gaza, while another 23% called for a “humanitarian pause.” Other countries used alternative terms such as “cessation,” “halt,” or “respite.” However, 22 nations did not address this issue at the UN, highlighting their indecisiveness.
The international community has also struggled to reach a consensus on other key issues surrounding the conflict. Nations have been divided on whether to label Israel as an “occupier” or to discuss Israel’s blockade of the Gaza Strip and settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Among the countries analyzed, 46% referred to Israel as an occupier or called the Palestinian territory “occupied,” while the remaining 54% did not. Additionally, only 23% of nations mentioned Israel’s blockade of Gaza, using terms such as “siege” or “open-air prison,” and a mere 30% discussed Israeli settlements.
The UN Security Council’s attempts to pass resolutions addressing the conflict have also been hindered by indecision and disagreement among member nations. Out of the 15 members, four voted against the first Russia-led draft on October 16 due to its failure to condemn Hamas. Brazil’s draft on October 18, which condemned Hamas and called for humanitarian pauses, was vetoed by the US for not mentioning Israel’s right to self-defense. Another draft proposed by Russia on October 25, calling for a humanitarian ceasefire and the release of captives held by Hamas, received support from only four members. The UK expressed its desire for a “balanced text” and criticized the draft for not supporting Israel’s right to self-defense. The US also led a draft resolution on October 25, calling for a humanitarian pause, but it was vetoed by Russia and China.
Finally, the United Nations General Assembly witnessed a non-binding resolution led by Jordan on October 27, calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and unhindered access to humanitarian aid. As many as 120 countries voted in favor, while only 14, including the US and Israel, voted against it.
Although there are stark divisions on many aspects of the conflict, one area where there is greater consensus is the call for a two-state solution or an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel. A staggering 95% of countries have voiced support for this approach, with only six nations abstaining.
The conflict has also had diplomatic repercussions, with several countries suspending or cutting ties with Israel. Belize, Bolivia, and South Africa have suspended relations, while Bahrain, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Honduras, Jordan, and Turkey have withdrawn their ambassadors. Additionally, some cities, such as Barcelona in Spain, have suspended ties with Israel.
In contrast to these actions, the United States has maintained its strong traditional support for Israel. President Joe Biden has provided firm diplomatic backing, and the US continues to provide Israel with annual military support worth $3.8 billion. Furthermore, the US House of Representatives passed a Republican plan on November 3, providing $14.5 billion in military aid for Israel. On December 6, a congressional resolution effectively equated anti-Zionism with anti-Semitism, garnering support from France, Germany, Italy, and the UK.
As the conflict continues to unfold, finding common ground and a lasting solution remains a daunting challenge for the international community. The deep divisions and conflicting interests among nations underscore the complexity of the situation and the urgent need for a comprehensive and inclusive approach towards peace in the region.
